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Continuous Capnography in Pediatric Intensive Care

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Key Points:

• Continuous capnography monitoring has a variety of uses in the pediatric intensive care setting.

• Capnography allows for noninvasive continuous monitoring of airway, breathing, and circulation in critically ill pediatric patients.

• Monitoring of physiologic dead space via arterial carbon dioxide and end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient has important diagnostic and prognostic implications in pediatric intensive care patients.

• Capnography has diagnosis-specific applications for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, reactive airway disease, neurologic emergencies, and metabolic derangement.

Intro:

Capnography or end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring has a variety of uses in the pediatric intensive care setting. The ability to continuously measure exhaled carbon dioxide can provide critical information about cardiac and pulmonary function in addition to confirming accuracy of invasive airway placement. This monitoring modality has become standard of care in many intensive care areas. This article reviews the basic principles and clinical applications of EtCO2 monitoring in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

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